Sclera Anatomy, Function & Diagram in 2025 | Comprehensive Eye Care Guide
Explore the detailed anatomy and essential functions of the sclera, the eye's protective white layer. Understand its structure, common disorders, and modern treatment options to maintain optimal eye health.
The sclera, widely recognized as the “white” of the eye, serves as the robust outer shell that supports the eyeball and seamlessly connects with the transparent cornea. This vital structure is shielded by the conjunctiva, a clear mucous membrane that plays a crucial role in keeping the eye lubricated and comfortable.
Structurally, the sclera comprises three key layers: the episclera, a loose connective tissue just beneath the conjunctiva; the sclera proper, which is the dense, white fibrous tissue responsible for its characteristic color; and the lamina fusca, the innermost layer containing elastic fibers that contribute to its flexibility.
Several congenital abnormalities can affect the sclera, including:
- Melanosis: an overaccumulation of melanin pigment on the scleral surface, potentially causing inflammation and discomfort.
- Scleral Coloboma: a defect resulting in missing scleral tissue, leading to notches and bulges.
- Ectasia: thinning and outward bulging of the scleral tissue.
Advancements in eye care have introduced specialized contact lenses designed to manage scleral ectasia effectively, enhancing patient comfort and vision.
Acquired scleral conditions include ectasia triggered by trauma or inflammation, and episcleritis—a hypersensitivity reaction marked by swollen blood vessels that may affect both the sclera and cornea.
Understanding these conditions is vital for early diagnosis and treatment, ensuring long-term eye health and function.
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