2025 Knee Muscles Anatomy & Function Guide with Diagram | ZAMONA

The knee's dynamic movement is powered by muscles running along the thigh and calf, intricately connected to the femur (thighbone), tibia (shinbone), and fibula (calf bone) through strong ligaments. Tendons play a crucial role in linking these muscles, ensuring coordinated motion.

As the body's largest weight-bearing joint, the knee relies on a complex network of tendons and ligaments to maintain strength and flexibility during everyday activities.

Understanding the major muscle groups that influence knee function is simplified by examining them in their collective roles.

The hamstring group, consisting of three muscles located at the back of the thigh, controls both hip and knee movements. Originating beneath the gluteus maximus near the hip, they attach to the tibia at the knee. These include:

• Biceps femoris: This elongated muscle flexes the knee, stretching from the thigh to the fibula's head.
• Semimembranosus: Running from the pelvis to the tibia, it extends the thigh, flexes the knee, and assists in tibial rotation.
• Semitendinosus: Similar in function to the semimembranosus, it extends the thigh and flexes the knee with narrower tendons connecting it to the bone.

At the front of the thigh, the quadriceps group comprises four powerful muscles responsible for most knee extension. These are among the body's strongest and leanest muscles:

• Rectus femoris: Attaches to the kneecap and plays a minor role in knee flexion.
• Vastus medialis: A teardrop-shaped muscle on the inner thigh that supports knee extension.
• Vastus intermedius: Positioned between the vastus medialis and vastus lateralis, it lies deepest among the quadriceps.
• Vastus lateralis: The largest quadriceps muscle, located on the outer thigh, extending from the femur's top to the kneecap.

Additionally, the gastrocnemius muscle in the calf plays a vital role in knee flexion, contributing to the joint's overall mobility.

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