Unlocking the Power of Estrogen: Vital Insights for People Assigned Male at Birth
Explore the crucial role of estrogen in individuals assigned male at birth, recognize signs of low estrogen, and discover how estrogen therapy supports gender-expansive health and well-being.
Estrogen plays a significant role in maintaining brain, bone, heart, and sexual health. For people assigned male at birth, estrogen levels can fluctuate due to various factors, impacting overall wellness.
Understanding Estrogen Beyond Gender
Although estrogen is commonly labeled as a 'female' hormone, it is naturally present in everyone, including those assigned male at birth, in varying amounts. Similarly, testosterone, often called the 'male' hormone, exists in all individuals.
There are two primary reasons why someone assigned male at birth might use estrogen supplements, also known as estrogen therapy:
- To address low estrogen levels and alleviate associated symptoms.
- As part of gender-affirming treatment for gender-expansive individuals.
Below, learn about estrogen's functions, indicators of low levels, and its benefits in gender-affirming care.
Estrogen’s Impact on People Assigned Male at Birth
Estrogen supports several critical bodily functions across all sexes and genders, including:
- Cognitive performance
- Bone strength
- Cardiovascular health
- Sexual function
When estrogen levels drop, these systems can be negatively affected. Factors contributing to low estrogen include:
- High body weight and BMI
- Rapid weight loss or inadequate nutrition
- Aging
- Hypertension
- Steroid medication use
- Infections
- Pituitary or adrenal gland disorders
- Diabetes
- Autoimmune diseases
Recognizing Typical Estrogen Levels and Symptoms
Low estrogen in people assigned male at birth may cause symptoms such as:
- Mood swings
- Decreased libido
- Sleep disturbances
- Fatigue
- Body temperature irregularities
- Erectile difficulties
Conversely, high estrogen levels can produce similar symptoms, with additional risks like gynecomastia and infertility.
Estrogen levels can be accurately measured through blood tests assessing estrone and estradiol concentrations. Typical ranges vary by age:
| Age | Estrone (pg/ml) | Estradiol (pg/ml) |
|---|---|---|
| Prepubescent | Undetectable–16 | Undetectable–13 |
| Pubescent | Undetectable–60 | Undetectable–40 |
| Adult | 10–50 | 10–40 |
If levels fall outside these norms, healthcare providers may suggest lifestyle changes or prescribe low-dose estrogen treatments to restore balance.
Estrogen Therapy for Transgender Women and Gender-Diverse Individuals
Estrogen therapy is a cornerstone of gender-affirming care for many transgender women and gender-expansive people assigned male at birth. The purpose is to align physical characteristics with gender identity.
Dosages for gender affirmation are generally higher than those used to correct hormonal imbalances. Treatment duration varies based on individual goals, health status, and age, with many opting for lifelong therapy while others may discontinue as desired.
Physical Changes from Estrogen Therapy
Estradiol, a potent form of estrogen, suppresses testosterone effects, leading to changes such as:
- Lowered libido
- Erectile dysfunction
- Breast tissue development
- Fat redistribution to hips and chest
- Softer skin texture
- Reduced facial and body hair growth
Long-term therapy may reduce fertility by limiting sperm production, so effective contraception is recommended if pregnancy prevention is desired.
Emotional and Mental Health Benefits
Gender-affirming estrogen treatment can profoundly enhance mental well-being by fostering body congruence and reducing gender dysphoria. This has protective effects against depression, anxiety, and suicidal thoughts, which disproportionately affect transgender populations.
Consulting Healthcare Professionals
If you experience symptoms of low estrogen or seek gender-affirming care, consult a qualified healthcare provider. They can guide hormone evaluation, treatment options, and ongoing support tailored to your needs.
Gabrielle Kassel (she/her) is a queer sex educator and wellness journalist dedicated to empowering individuals to thrive in their bodies. Her work appears in leading health and lifestyle publications, and she actively engages in coaching, product reviews, and podcasting.
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