Essential Steps to Take if You Have Experienced Sexual Assault
Experiencing sexual assault is deeply traumatic, but healing is achievable. Discover vital actions to support recovery and safety after such an event.
Sherri Gordon, CLC, is an accomplished author, certified life coach, and expert in bullying prevention. Formerly the editor of Columbus Parent, she brings extensive expertise in health and social research.
If you or someone you know has faced sexual assault or rape, immediately reach out to the National Sexual Assault Hotline at 800-656-HOPE (4673) or visit online.rainn.org. RAINN’s counselors are available 24/7 for confidential support.
Sexual assault and rape are profoundly life-changing experiences that demand compassion and serious attention. Here’s a comprehensive guide on what to do if you or someone close to you has been affected.
Trigger Warning: This article contains sensitive content related to sexual violence that may be distressing to some readers.
Immediate Actions to Take
Being subjected to sexual violence can leave you feeling overwhelmed and unsure. Taking these steps right away can help protect your well-being and preserve important evidence.
Seek a Safe Environment
Your immediate safety is paramount. Move to a secure location such as a hospital, trusted friend’s home, or a clinic as soon as possible.
If you believe you are in imminent danger, call 911 without delay. Afterwards, contact the National Sexual Assault Hotline at 800-656-HOPE (4673) for guidance through the next steps.
Avoid Washing or Altering Evidence
Although it may be tempting to clean up, try to avoid showering, brushing your teeth, or changing clothes until after a medical examination. Preserving physical evidence is critical for any future investigations.
Similarly, refrain from eating, drinking, smoking, or taking medications before evidence collection to maintain the integrity of forensic materials. Even if you’re uncertain about pursuing legal action, preserving evidence keeps your options open.
Obtain Medical Care Promptly
Though it might feel uncomfortable, receiving a medical exam is essential for your health and safety. Specialized healthcare providers are trained to handle these situations with sensitivity and care.
They will test for sexually transmitted infections, offer preventive treatments for HIV exposure, and provide emergency contraception if desired.
For detailed information on legal protections and state-specific laws, consult RAINN's State Law Database.
Consider Reporting to Law Enforcement
Reporting the assault is your choice and there is no obligation to do so. Some survivors find that filing a police report helps regain control, while others prefer to wait.
If you decide to report, bringing a trusted friend or family member for support can be beneficial.
Be aware of the statute of limitations for sexual assault cases in your area if you choose to delay reporting.
Beginning the Healing Journey
Emotional and psychological responses to sexual trauma can vary widely and may include:
- Depression
- Suicidal thoughts
- Flashbacks
- Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
If you experience suicidal ideation, contact the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 988 immediately. For urgent crises, dial 911.
Additional mental health resources can be found in our National Helpline Database.
Some survivors may engage in harmful coping mechanisms such as self-injury, disordered eating, or substance misuse. However, healthier paths to recovery are available.
Seeking support through friends, family, support groups, counseling, and recovery programs can foster resilience and healing. Finding the right combination of resources tailored to your needs is key.
Prioritize Self-Care
After trauma, nurturing your body is vital—even when it feels difficult. Maintain a balanced diet, engage in physical activity, and ensure adequate rest.
If sleep disturbances or nightmares occur, consult a healthcare professional who can offer treatments and coping strategies.
Emotional self-care may include journaling, meditation, reading inspirational literature, socializing, or enjoying entertainment. Preview content to avoid triggers.
Explore Therapy Options
Therapy and support groups offer safe, non-judgmental environments to process emotions and experiences.
Access Professional Help Today
We provide unbiased reviews of leading online therapy platforms like Talkspace, BetterHelp, and ReGain to help you find the best fit.
Therapeutic support is crucial if you face depression, self-harm tendencies, or suicidal thoughts. Choose therapists skilled in trauma and sexual assault recovery, and consider meeting multiple professionals to find the right match.
Hope and Healing Are Possible
Remember, your reactions are natural responses to trauma. Despite the challenges, recovery and a fulfilling life are within reach.
Final Thoughts from Verywell
It’s important to know that the assault was not your fault. You bear no responsibility for what happened; the perpetrator is solely accountable.
Specialized help is available, and seeking it is a courageous step thousands take daily. With support, patience, and determination, healing is achievable.
- Living Well
- Relationships
- Toxicity and Abuse
Sources: Verywell Mind relies on reputable, peer-reviewed research to ensure accurate and trustworthy content. Learn more about our editorial standards.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexual violence is preventable. Updated January 8, 2020.
- Rape Abuse and Incest National Network. Reporting to law enforcement.
By Sherri Gordon
Sherri Gordon, CLC, is a published author, certified professional life coach, and bullying prevention expert with extensive experience in health and social issues research.
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