2025 Guide: Ureter Function, Anatomy & Common Disorders Explained
Discover the vital role of the ureter in transporting urine from kidneys to bladder, its anatomy, common disorders, and modern treatments to maintain urinary health.
The ureter is a crucial tubular structure responsible for transporting urine from each kidney to the urinary bladder. Humans have two ureters—one linked to each kidney. Anatomically, the upper portion of the ureter lies within the abdominal cavity, while the lower section extends into the pelvic region.
In adults, the ureter typically measures between 10 to 12 inches in length. Its walls are composed of three layers: a fibrous outer layer, a muscular middle layer capable of contracting to propel urine, and an inner mucus layer that protects the lining.
Common ureteral disorders include:
- Ureteral duplication: a congenital anomaly where two ureters develop from a single kidney.
- Ureteropelvic junction obstruction: blockage at the junction between the kidney and ureter that restricts urine flow.
- Ureterovesical junction obstruction: obstruction where the ureter meets the bladder, impeding urine passage.
These conditions can lead to urine flow blockage, resulting in complications such as pyelonephritis (kidney infection), impaired kidney function, or kidney stones. Treatment options include catheter insertion, stent placement to keep the ureter open, or surgical intervention. When infections are present, antibiotics are commonly prescribed to resolve them.
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