2025 Guide: Types of Moral Principles with Real-Life Examples and Their Importance

Arlin Cuncic, MA, author of The Anxiety Workbook and founder of About Social Anxiety, holds a Master’s degree in clinical psychology.

Moral principles act as a compass guiding individuals to act rightly, encompassing values such as honesty, fairness, and equality. Since upbringing and personal priorities differ, individual moral codes often vary from one person to another.

Understanding the two main types of moral principles—absolute and relative—helps clarify how people make ethical decisions. This article delves into their origins, examples, and how you can embody these values to inspire others.

Historical Roots of Moral Principles

The foundation of moral principles traces back to ancient civilizations like Greece and China, where clear distinctions between right and wrong were crucial for societal success.

Philosophers such as Aristotle, John Locke, Rousseau, and Kant deeply explored virtue and morality, influencing modern ethical thought.

In psychology, studies on moral development, like those by Lawrence Kohlberg, examine how children from diverse cultures internalize moral values.

Today, moral principles remain vital, with honesty, for example, recognized universally for fostering trust and strong relationships.

Understanding Moral Principles: Absolute vs. Relative

Moral principles fall into two categories:

• Absolute Principles: Immutable and universal truths that apply regardless of context. For instance, the belief that murder is inherently wrong reflects a natural moral order accepted globally.
• Relative Principles: These vary according to cultural, situational, or personal perspectives. What is deemed morally right or wrong depends on individual beliefs and circumstances, such as differing views on luxury spending or environmental responsibility.

Concrete Examples of Moral Principles

Examples of absolute moral principles include:

• Do not kill.
• Always speak the truth.
• Show respect and care in your words and actions.
• Honor others’ property.
• Treat those in need as you would want to be treated.

Examples of relative moral principles include:

• Believing it is wrong to spend money on luxury goods.
• Feeling a moral duty to protect the environment for future generations.

Living by Your Moral Principles

Adhering to moral values is challenging but rewarding. You can express your morals through:

• Thoughts and feelings: Striving for honesty, fairness, and kindness internally.
• Actions: Avoiding violence and practicing compassion.
• Words: Communicating politely and truthfully.

The Societal and Personal Impact of Morals

Moral principles foster social harmony by promoting equal rights and discouraging discrimination. Individuals embracing strong moral values often experience enhanced self-worth and personal integrity.

How to Cultivate Strong Moral Principles

To develop sound morals, consider:

• Reflecting on your responses to ethical dilemmas.
• Aligning your actions consistently with your beliefs.
• Avoiding double standards in treating others.
• Documenting your core moral principles as reminders.
• Accepting imperfection and committing to ongoing growth.

Potential Challenges with Moral Principles

Be cautious of imposing your personal values on others or confusing cultural norms with universal morals. Additionally, moral principles can sometimes be misused to justify harmful behaviors.

Key Takeaways

Moral principles are essential for both individual fulfillment and societal well-being. The best approach balances consistent values with thoughtful consideration of each unique situation, aiming for fairness and kindness toward all.

By integrating these timeless principles into your daily life, you contribute to a more ethical and compassionate world.

Read more:

• Psychology
• Ethical Theories

Sources:
1. Puett M. Genealogies of gods, ghosts and humans: the capriciousness of the divine in early Greece and early China.
2. Park S. Cultural relativism vs. cultural absolutism. Cultura. 2021.
3. Austin CL, Saylor R, Finley PJ. Moral distress in healthcare professionals. Psych Trauma. 2017.
4. Macko A. Contingencies of self-worth and moral inclinations. J Soc Psychol. 2021.

By Arlin Cuncic, MA - Clinical Psychologist and Author

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