Understanding Mpox and Eczema: Essential Insights and Protection Tips

While mpox and eczema may appear similar at first glance, they are distinct medical conditions. Eczema can exacerbate symptoms and elevate the risk of contracting mpox. It's crucial for individuals with eczema to be aware of which mpox vaccines are safe for them.

Mpox, previously known as monkeypox, is a viral infection characterized by flu-like symptoms and a distinctive skin rash. Transmission occurs through close physical contact with an infected person.

Both children and adults suffering from eczema, also called atopic dermatitis, face a heightened risk of severe mpox complications.

This comprehensive guide delves into the relationship between mpox and eczema and provides strategies to safeguard yourself if you have eczema.

Does Having Eczema Increase Your Mpox Risk?

Healthy skin functions as a protective barrier against allergens, pathogens, and harmful chemicals.

Eczema compromises this barrier through symptoms like dryness, irritation, and inflammation, allowing viruses easier access and potentially leading to more severe infections.

Consequently, individuals with eczema are more susceptible to mpox infection, a condition sometimes referred to as eczema monkeypoxicum.

Other Viral Infections Linked to Eczema

Eczema can also increase vulnerability to several related viral infections, including:

• Eczema herpeticum: Caused by a severe form of the herpes simplex virus type 1, this infection leads to widespread blistering, primarily affecting the face and neck in people with eczema.
• Eczema coxsackium: Resulting from the coxsackievirus, this condition causes extensive blistering in children with eczema, often associated with hand, foot, and mouth disease.
• Eczema vaccinatum: A rare but serious complication of smallpox vaccination, leading to skin sores and high fever, exclusively occurring in those with eczema.

Mpox Vaccination Considerations for People with Eczema

Smallpox vaccines effectively prevent mpox infection, with two options available in the US.

ACAM2000 is a live vaccine containing a weakened smallpox virus. The CDC advises that people with eczema and their household members avoid this vaccine due to the risk of eczema vaccinatum.

JYNNEOS is a non-replicating live vaccine considered safer for those with eczema, as it has not been linked to eczema vaccinatum.

The CDC recommends vaccination for individuals currently infected or likely to have close contact with mpox.

Distinguishing Mpox Rash from Eczema

Mpox manifests as painful, discolored bumps beginning on the face and spreading over 2–4 weeks into fluid-filled blisters that scab and heal.

This rash can resemble eczema herpeticum, a serious infection. Prompt medical evaluation is essential if you have eczema, flu-like symptoms, and an unexplained rash.

Common Mpox Symptoms in Eczema Patients

People with eczema may experience intensified mpox symptoms, such as:

• Rash
• Chills
• Fatigue
• Fever
• Headaches
• Joint pain
• Muscle aches
• Sores

Preventing Mpox in Individuals with Eczema

Managing eczema effectively can reduce the risk of mpox infection. Key measures include:

• Moisturizing skin immediately after bathing
• Identifying and avoiding known eczema triggers
• Following a dermatologist-prescribed treatment plan

The CDC advises avoiding close contact with mpox-infected individuals and not sharing personal items like bedding, clothing, towels, or utensils to prevent transmission. Regular handwashing is also vital.

Consult healthcare professionals about mpox vaccination to determine the best option for you.

Summary

Eczema compromises the skin’s defense, increasing susceptibility to infections like mpox, which presents with flu-like symptoms and a characteristic rash.

Mpox tends to be more severe in those with eczema, a condition termed eczema monkeypoxicum.

Individuals with eczema should avoid the ACAM2000 vaccine due to risks of eczema vaccinatum, while the JYNNEOS vaccine is generally safer.

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