How to Properly Use a Blood Pressure Monitor
A blood pressure monitor helps accurately measure arterial pressure. To ensure precise results, it is crucial to follow the correct procedure and timing during the measurement process.
Essential instructions for various types of devices are provided below.
What is a Blood Pressure Monitor?
A blood pressure monitor is a medical device designed to measure arterial pressure (BP) and pulse.
The history of BP monitors began with the invention of the invasive catheter method, a special tool used in 1905 by Nikolai Sergeyevich Korotkov. He introduced the auscultatory method, which involves listening to heartbeats and pulse sounds. The first automatic oscillometric BP monitor was developed in 1976, enabling measurements without the need for a stethoscope.
Blood pressure monitors are generally divided into two categories:
- Upper arm (sphygmomanometer) monitors — worn on the upper arm;
- Wrist (digital) monitors — worn between the wrist and elbow.
Normal BP values typically range from 120/80 mmHg and should not fall below 90/60 mmHg.
Types of Blood Pressure Monitors and How to Choose One
There are three main types: mechanical, semi-automatic, and automatic. Each type has its own features, advantages, and disadvantages. Below is a detailed overview to help you select the best option. We have also previously reviewed how to choose a blood pressure monitor.
Mechanical Blood Pressure Monitor
This manual device consists of four parts: a cuff, a bulb, a manometer dial, and a stethoscope. A sphygmomanometer is essential for healthcare professionals to accurately measure systolic and diastolic pressure by listening to heartbeats and pulse sounds through the stethoscope.
Doctors prefer mechanical monitors when precise measurements are required, especially in clinical settings. They provide reliable readings and allow for detailed control over the measurement process.
Advantages
- High measurement accuracy;
- Affordable price compared to electronic models;
- Durability and reliability;
- Independence from batteries or electricity.
Disadvantages
- Requires proper training to use correctly;
- Manual operation can be time-consuming;
- Less convenient for self-monitoring;
- More susceptible to user errors.
Who Should Use It?
Mechanical monitors are ideal for medical professionals and anyone trained to use them. They are especially suitable for clinical environments where precise control over measurement is necessary. However, they are less practical for everyday home use.
What to Buy?
- Mechanical BP monitor from B.well MED, priced at 1,280 RUB;
- Mechanical BP monitor from CS Medica, priced at 1,031 RUB;
- Mechanical BP monitor from Little Doctor, priced at 908 RUB.
Semi-Automatic Blood Pressure Monitor
This type combines manual inflation with automatic pressure measurement. It includes a cuff, bulb, and digital display. Semi-automatic monitors are easier to use than mechanical ones and provide digital readings.
Advantages
- High measurement accuracy;
- Simple operation without special skills;
- Portable and easy to use;
- Affordable price compared to fully automatic models.
Disadvantages
- Requires manual pumping of the cuff;
- Less convenient than automatic models;
- May require some practice;
- Dependent on batteries or electricity.
Who Should Use It?
Semi-automatic monitors are suitable for home use by individuals who want a balance between accuracy and ease of use. They are a good choice for those comfortable with manual inflation but prefer digital readings.
Recommended Models
- Semi-automatic BP monitor from B.Well, priced at 2,163 RUB;
- Semi-automatic BP monitor from Little Doctor, priced at 1,774 RUB;
- Semi-automatic BP monitor from Microlife, priced at 2,493 RUB.
Automatic Blood Pressure Monitor
Fully automatic devices provide the easiest and quickest way to measure blood pressure. They inflate the cuff, measure pressure, and display results digitally without user intervention.
Automatic monitors are widely used by both healthcare professionals and individuals for self-monitoring blood pressure at home.
Advantages
- Very high accuracy;
- Easy to use without special skills;
- Portable and convenient;
- Multiple additional features like memory storage, averaging results, and irregular heartbeat detection.
Disadvantages
- Higher cost compared to mechanical and semi-automatic models;
- Requires batteries or electricity;
- May be less reliable if not maintained properly;
- Some models may be sensitive to movement during measurement.
Who Should Use It?
Automatic monitors are perfect for everyday home use, especially for people who need quick and easy measurements without technical knowledge. They are also suitable for seniors and those with limited dexterity.
Recommended Models
- Automatic BP monitor from B. Well, priced at 2,355 RUB;
- Automatic BP monitor from Omron, priced at 3,115 RUB;
- Automatic BP monitor from Armed with voice assistance, priced at 1,807 RUB.
How to Prepare for Blood Pressure Measurement
To obtain accurate readings, it is essential to follow proper preparation steps before measuring blood pressure.
- Avoid physical activity, smoking, caffeine, and alcohol for at least 30 minutes before measurement. These factors can temporarily affect blood pressure. Symptoms such as headache, increased heart rate, or dizziness may occur if these are not avoided. If you experience severe symptoms like chest pain or difficulty breathing, seek emergency medical help immediately.
- Rest quietly for 5 minutes before measuring.
- Use the restroom beforehand to avoid discomfort.
- Take a comfortable seated position with your back supported and feet flat on the floor.
- Keep your arm relaxed and supported at heart level.
- Do not talk or move during the measurement.
- Avoid crossing your legs.
- Follow the instructions specific to your blood pressure monitor model.
How to Use a Mechanical Blood Pressure Monitor
Proper use requires skill and attention to detail. Here are the key steps:
Place the cuff on your upper arm or the patient's arm about 1–2 cm above the elbow crease. Ensure the cuff is snug but not too tight. The cuff's lower edge should be aligned with the brachial artery.
Secure the cuff and position the stethoscope's diaphragm over the brachial artery. Make sure the stethoscope earpieces fit comfortably in your ears.
Inflate the cuff by squeezing the bulb until the manometer reads about 200 mmHg.
Slowly release air from the cuff by turning the valve counterclockwise. Listen carefully for the first heartbeat sound (systolic pressure) and continue until the sound disappears (diastolic pressure).
How to Use a Semi-Automatic Blood Pressure Monitor
Follow the device-specific instructions. Typically, you manually inflate the cuff using the bulb and then the monitor automatically measures and displays the pressure.
How to Use an Automatic Blood Pressure Monitor
These devices are the most user-friendly and suitable for home use. Simply place the cuff on your arm or wrist, press the start button, and the monitor will inflate the cuff, measure your blood pressure, and display the results.
Ensure you are seated comfortably with your arm supported at heart level. Avoid talking or moving during the measurement for accurate results.
After the measurement is complete, the monitor will display your blood pressure readings on the screen.
Remember to maintain the monitor properly and replace batteries as needed to ensure consistent accuracy.
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