2025 Guide: Is Kennel Cough Contagious to Humans? Symptoms, Risks & Treatment Costs

Kennel cough, medically known as infectious tracheobronchitis, primarily affects dogs but can occasionally spread to humans under rare circumstances. In people, it may cause symptoms such as a persistent cough, sore throat, and fever.

If your dog is experiencing a persistent, harsh cough, it may be kennel cough. Although uncommon, humans can contract this infection from their pets, especially those with weakened immune defenses.

Kennel cough is a contagious respiratory illness caused by a combination of bacteria and viruses, such as Bordetella bronchiseptica, canine distemper, and canine influenza. This infection targets the lungs, windpipe, and voice box of dogs.

While dogs are the primary carriers, other animals including cats, rabbits, horses, mice, and guinea pigs can also be affected. Humans with compromised immune systems, including those with lung cancer or HIV, face a higher risk.

Transmission of Kennel Cough

Kennel cough spreads easily among dogs through airborne droplets released when barking, direct nose-to-nose contact, and shared contaminated objects like food and water bowls. Environments such as kennels, shelters, and boarding facilities pose high transmission risks due to close animal proximity.

Vaccination is crucial; most kennels require dogs to be vaccinated against kennel cough pathogens before admission.

Recognizing Symptoms in Dogs and Humans

Symptoms in Dogs

• Loud, hacking cough often described as "honking"
• Sneezing and runny nose
• Loss of appetite
• Lethargy and low-grade fever

Some dogs may carry the disease without showing symptoms yet still spread it to others. Recovery typically occurs within 3 to 6 weeks.

Symptoms in Humans

• Persistent cough
• Sore throat and difficulty swallowing
• Shortness of breath
• Fever and respiratory discomfort

Treatment Options for Kennel Cough

In Dogs

Mild cases often resolve with rest within one to two weeks. Veterinarians may prescribe antibiotics, cough suppressants, or recommend nebulizer treatments. Vaccinations protect dogs against key infectious agents.

In Humans

Treatment may include antibiotics and cough suppressants. Steroid use is typically avoided as it can weaken the immune system.

Potential Complications in Humans

Healthy individuals rarely contract kennel cough. However, those with pre-existing conditions like lung disease or autoimmune disorders are more susceptible. Complications can include pneumonia, which may lead to serious issues such as septic shock, lung abscesses, pleural effusion, or respiratory failure.

If you experience respiratory symptoms after exposure to a dog with kennel cough, seek medical evaluation promptly.

Summary

Though kennel cough transmission to humans is uncommon, awareness is important, especially for vulnerable individuals. Ensuring pets are vaccinated remains the most effective preventive measure. Both dogs and humans generally respond well to treatment when diagnosed early.

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