Can Glycolic Acid Effectively Combat Acne?

Glycolic acid is a widely recognized option for treating acne, available in numerous over-the-counter and prescription products. Before incorporating it into your routine, consulting a dermatologist is essential to ensure it suits your skin’s needs.

As an alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) derived from sugarcane, glycolic acid helps those struggling with frequent breakouts and other skin issues by promoting exfoliation and cell turnover.

However, before rushing to purchase glycolic acid products, it’s important to understand the appropriate usage, concentration, and whether it’s compatible with your skin type. Continue reading to learn more.

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Advantages of Glycolic Acid

When applied topically, glycolic acid breaks down the bonds between dead skin cells and the underlying layers, creating a gentle peeling effect that results in smoother, more even skin.

For acne sufferers, this exfoliation reduces pore-clogging debris such as excess oil and dead skin cells, helping to clear the skin and minimize breakouts.

Unlike many acne treatments that can dry out the skin, glycolic acid supports the skin’s outer barrier, enhancing moisture retention, which is beneficial for acne-prone skin.

Research from 2018 highlights glycolic acid’s antibacterial and antioxidant properties, which contribute to improved skin appearance. Additionally, it stimulates collagen production, promoting skin thickness and resilience.

Guidelines for Using Glycolic Acid

Glycolic acid is available in various forms including:

• Facial cleansers
• Lotions
• Chemical peels
• Serums
• Exfoliating pads

It is generally recommended to start with lower concentrations unless advised otherwise by a dermatologist. Testing a glycolic acid cleanser can help determine your skin’s tolerance.

Keep in mind that glycolic acid provides chemical exfoliation, penetrating deeper than physical scrubs and delivering gradual but effective results.

Using multiple glycolic acid products simultaneously is usually unnecessary and may increase skin sensitivity. Consistent use of one product, supplemented with occasional spot treatments, often suffices.

In some cases, dermatologists may suggest stronger in-office peels for enhanced results.

Potential Side Effects

Glycolic acid may not be suitable for everyone. Common side effects include:

• Swelling
• Itching
• Burning sensations

Individuals with dry or sensitive skin might experience irritation. Additionally, glycolic acid can increase sun sensitivity, so daily sunscreen use is strongly advised to protect your skin.

Safety Tips and Considerations

If you have darker skin tones, it’s important to consult your dermatologist before using glycolic acid, as it can sometimes cause post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation.

While most people can safely use glycolic acid, those with darker skin should use lower concentrations and limit the number of glycolic acid-containing products to reduce risks of dark spots.

The degree of skin peeling depends on the glycolic acid concentration. For instance, a 1% solution affects the top three skin layers, whereas a 10% solution can penetrate 10 to 20 layers.

Higher concentrations (30-40%) are typically reserved for professional-grade peels and should only be used under dermatological supervision.

A dermatologist can determine the appropriate peel duration and suitability based on your skin type.

Recommended Products

If your skin responds well to glycolic acid, consider these options:

• Peel pads, such as Bliss That’s Incredi-Peel Spa-Strength Glycolic Resurfacing Pads, usable a few times per week.
• Serums like L’Oreal Paris Revitalift 10% Pure Glycolic Acid, which may enhance skin tone and help fight acne.
• Spot treatments, for example, Clean & Clear Advantage Mark Treatment combining glycolic and salicylic acids for blemish control.
• Toners such as The Ordinary Glycolic Acid 7% Toning Solution, applied nightly for mild exfoliation.

Comparing Glycolic Acid with Other Acids

Glycolic acid is one among several acids used in skincare. Here’s how it compares:

Hyaluronic Acid

This humectant attracts moisture to the skin’s surface, enhancing hydration and softness but does not exfoliate.

Lactic Acid

Derived from sour milk, lactic acid exfoliates similarly to glycolic acid but has larger molecules, resulting in gentler penetration and less irritation—ideal for sensitive skin.

Salicylic Acid

A beta hydroxy acid (BHA) from tree bark, salicylic acid is oil-soluble, allowing it to penetrate oily pores effectively, making it excellent for oily skin and blackheads.

Both glycolic and salicylic acids are effective against acne but serve different skin types and concerns.

Important Note on Acid Use

While acids and other actives like retinol boost skin cell turnover, overuse can cause dryness and irritation. Combining salicylic acid and glycolic acid can be beneficial for spot treatments, but pairing retinol with glycolic acid may be too harsh for many.

Additional Applications of Glycolic Acid

Beyond acne treatment, glycolic acid is utilized for improving:

• Age spots
• Hyperpigmentation
• Melasma
• Scarring
• Skin texture

This versatility makes glycolic acid a valuable ingredient for skin rejuvenation.

When to Consult a Dermatologist

For moderate to severe acne, especially cystic types, consult a dermatologist before starting glycolic acid. Combining it with prescription treatments requires professional guidance to avoid adverse effects.

Professional glycolic acid peels, ranging from 30% to 70%, can significantly improve acne and scarring but must be administered by trained professionals due to potential risks.

Some skin types and tones may not be suitable for such peels because of irritation and hyperpigmentation risks.

Frequently Asked Questions

What effect does glycolic acid have on the skin?

Glycolic acid exfoliates by breaking bonds between skin layers, removing dead cells, stimulating collagen, and enhancing hydration, according to dermatologist Dina D. Strachan, MD.

Is daily use of glycolic acid safe?

Dermatologist Richard Bottiglione, MD, explains that daily use depends on concentration and skin tolerance. It can be beneficial for anti-aging and acne when used appropriately.

Can glycolic acid be combined with vitamin C?

Yes, but if irritation occurs, it’s advised to pause glycolic acid use and apply moisturizer until the skin calms.

Does glycolic acid help with dark spots?

It may improve dark spots, but those with darker skin tones should use lower concentrations and limit product combinations to reduce the risk of hyperpigmentation.

Summary

Glycolic acid is a versatile skincare ingredient that can effectively combat acne and enhance skin appearance. Due to potential irritation, starting with low concentrations and consulting a dermatologist is recommended for safe and effective use.

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